RIG-I and MDA5 are cytoplasmic viral RNA sensors and are essential for antiviral innate immune responses. such as type I interferon production. Post-translational modification is critical for the activation and inactivation of RIG-I and MDA5. At least seven ubiquitin ligases have been reported to be involved in either K63- or K48-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I and MDA5. https://megavitamines.shop/product-category/health-and-wellbeing/